Manufacturing, Lyophilization

A survey provides insight into drug companies' plans for spending on outsourced services. This article contains bonus online material.

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A case study assesses freezing time and physical robustness under stress.

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The sugars used to stabilize lyophilized proteins often have not been subjected to appropriate cGMP standards.

by Thomas W. Patapoff and David E. Overcashier Genentech, Inc. The freezing method used during lyophilization can substantially affect the structure of the ice formed, the water-vapor flow during primary drying, and the quality of the final product. Controlling how a solution freezes can shorten lyophilization cycles and produce more stable formations.