The Importance of Freezing on Lyophilization Cycle Development

Publication
Article
BioPharm InternationalBioPharm International-03-15-2002
Volume 15
Issue 3

by Thomas W. Patapoff and David E. Overcashier Genentech, Inc. The freezing method used during lyophilization can substantially affect the structure of the ice formed, the water-vapor flow during primary drying, and the quality of the final product. Controlling how a solution freezes can shorten lyophilization cycles and produce more stable formations.

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Articles in this issue
Inside Washington: Biotech Manufacturing ? Obstacle or Opportunity?
Guest Editorial: Warning Letters ? A Symptom?
The Importance of Freezing on Lyophilization Cycle Development
Outsourcing Outlook: Using Earned-Value Analysis for Better Project Management
Business Benefits of Computer Systems Validation
Validation of Quantitative PCR Assays?Addressing Virus Contamination Concerns
A System Developer's Approach to Validation
Additional charts for the Zeid article, "Specifications and Manufacturing Change Control"
Specifications and Manufacturing Change Control: A Prototypic System for Electronic Document Tracking and Management
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