Manufacturing

by Demetri Petrides, Alexandros Koulouris, and Charles Siletti, Intelligen, Inc. Bottlenecks are everywhere, from the freeway overpass during the morning commute to the long lines at the supermarket. But bottlenecks in a manufacturing process are bad for business. Computer models can help you eliminate those conditions or situations that retard your progress. Whether the goal is strategic planning, evaluating alternatives, purchasing equipment, appraising a facility, or optimizing production processes, simulation tools can improve your analysis.

by Thomas W. Patapoff and David E. Overcashier Genentech, Inc. The freezing method used during lyophilization can substantially affect the structure of the ice formed, the water-vapor flow during primary drying, and the quality of the final product. Controlling how a solution freezes can shorten lyophilization cycles and produce more stable formations.