by S. Alison Arnold, Linda M. Harvey, and Brian McNeil from the Strathclyde Fermentation Center, Strathclyde, Scotland; and Jeffrey W. Hall, Foss NIRSystems Although rarely available, timely process information about fermentation biomass, substrates, intermediates, and nutrients is required to make control decisions. NIR spectroscopy offers the opportunity to improve fermentation processes by incorporating rapid, nondestructive, multiconstituent analyses of fermentation broth media directly into fermentation monitoring and control strategies.