Increasing Lyophilization Productivity, Flexibility, and Reliability Using Liquid Nitrogen Refrigeration–Part 1 -

Increasing Lyophilization Productivity, Flexibility, and Reliability Using Liquid Nitrogen Refrigeration–Part 1 - - BioPharm International

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Increasing Lyophilization Productivity, Flexibility, and Reliability Using Liquid Nitrogen Refrigeration–Part 1

Nov 1, 2007
By: Balazs Hunek, PhD, Alan Cheng, PhD, John Capettini
BioPharm International
Volume 20, Issue 11

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6. Trappler EH. Assure batch uniformity for freeze-dried products. Available from: http://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/articles/2005/191.html.

7. Stewart P. Liquid nitrogen: why is progress slow? economic and environmental factors. Pharma Techn Europe 1997;3:44.

8. Liu J, Rouse D. Using liquid nitrogen to maximize lyophilization manufacturing capacity. BioProcess Int. 2005 Feb.

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10. Usifroid. Liquid nitrogen applied to freeze drying: performance, reliability, flexibility. 2006. Available from: http://www.usifroid.com/lks/fichiers/1/tele/1115/LN2%204%20pages%20Anglais.pdf.

11. Telstar. GN2-Tech. Product brief;2005.

12. ASHRAE Refrigeration Handbook. Ultralow-temperature refrigeration. 2002;Chapter 39.

13. Lines J. How low can you go? Chem Process 2003 Jan;35.

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