FDA made the first anniversary of its drug manufacturing initiative, "Pharmaceutical cGMPs for the 21st Century: A Risk-Based
Approach," into a major media event. The publication of the 12-page progress report on the initiative was accompanied by a
press conference hosted by FDA Commissioner Mark McClellan. In addition, FDA's manufacturing reform efforts were the subject
of a front-page article in the Wall Street Journal that spotlighted the backward condition of drug manufacturing practices and technologies and FDA's efforts to reform them.
Altogether the message was very clear: FDA is committed to moving pharmaceutical manufacturing into the 21st century.
FDA's manufacturing reform effort has several components, including the establishment of a pharmaceutical inspectorate to
bring consistency to facility inspections and a risk-based inspection process that focuses on issues that pose the greatest
threat to safety and quality.
But the element with the greatest potential impact on manufacturing practices and costs is the effort to encourage the adoption
of new manufacturing technologies. That initiative is often referred to as process analytical technology (PAT) because a key
component is the use of instruments that can monitor the status of batches continuously. FDA officials note that drug manufacturers
will achieve faster cycle times, lower costs, and better quality simply by not having to stop batch processing in order to
run in-process tests.
However, the PAT initiative is really a broader effort to enable pharmaceutical companies to adopt continuous improvement
practices that enhance quality and reduce costs. FDA is holding out the promise that as companies learn more about how their
manufacturing processes work, they will be freer to adopt process improvements that yield even higher returns.
These FDA initiatives will create new strategic advantages for contract manufacturers with the foresight and capital resources
to fully embrace their implications. The advent of a manufacturing paradigm based on new technologies requires the development
of expertise and investment in new equipment. Contract manufacturers, considering the broad range of products and processes
with which they work, have advantages in acquiring and using new technologies. Additionally, they can amortize the cost of
new equipment quickly due to their high utilization rates.
In the electronics and automotive industries, contract manufacturers leveraged these advantages into leadership positions
and enjoyed rapid growth through most of the 1990s. Clients came to expect, and contractors delivered, year-to-year cost reductions
as well as quality levels thousands of times better than those in the pharma industry today (as measured by batch rejection rates).
The pharmaceutical contract manufacturing industry faces several challenges if it is to respond to this opportunity. The first
is financial: modernizing pharmaceutical manufacturing will require significant capital investment in new capabilities and
equipment. This involves not only production machinery equipped with the latest process analytical technologies but also the
information technology infrastructure to capture the data for immediate process control and future analysis. It also means
investment in pilot-scale facilities where companies can develop and test process improvements. However, few contract manufacturers
have deep enough pockets to make all the necessary investments.
A second challenge will be managing the transition from old to new. Contract manufacturers have been followers more than leaders;
being too far ahead of your clients has never been much of an advantage. In fact, under the old FDA manufacturing regulatory
regime, old equipment is often advantageous because it means products can be transferred from the sponsor'’s manufacturing
site to the contractor's site with minimal filing requirements. Even though FDA has promised to nurture manufacturing improvements
incorporating new technologies, client wariness of how FDA will really behave will slow adoption. Getting clients to invest
more resources early on in the manufacturing process will remain a challenge, despite the significant downstream benefits
of the new cGMP regulatory climate.
A third limiting factor was identified at a recent roundtable sponsored by the Pharmaceutical Outsourcing Management Association
(www.pomasite.com) and Hogan & Hartson, a law firm based in Washington, DC. Several speakers raised the specter that the risk of product liability
suits might be greater than the regulatory risk in adopting the new technologies, as some plaintiffs might charge that the
new manufacturing processes somehow compromised product safety and efficacy. That's one more concern that contractors and
clients will have to factor into negotiations.
Merging and Divesting
BioReliance has acquired competitor Q-One Biotech. BioReliance paid Q-One stockholders $67 million in the all-cash transaction,
funded from cash-on-hand and a new $48 million senior secured credit facility.
Like BioReliance, Q-One provides contract research and manufacturing services for the biopharmaceutical industry, including
biosafety testing and clinical-scale protein manufacturing services. BioReliance already has manufacturing operations in Heidelberg,
Germany and Stirling, Scotland. Capers McDonald, chief executive officer of BioReliance, says the combined companies will
have revenues of $120 million and more than 800 employees. BioReliance had 2002 revenues of $82 million, while Q-One reported
revenues of $24 million for the period ending March 31, 2002. Privately-held Q-One did not report financial data.
BioReliance officials said the acquisition enhances the company's service offerings and facility capacity and provides greater
opportunities to tap into the European market. An additional likely benefit is to push BioReliance to a size that will bring
it more notice from the investment community.
Abbott Laboratories' announcement that it will divest its hospital products division (HPD) into a separate public company
has some intriguing implications for the contract manufacturing industry. HPD is a major player in the contract manufacturing
of sterile products, with revenues estimated to be in the neighborhood of $200 million, about 10% of HPD’s total sales.
Like most companies with proprietary products, Abbott has been cautious about the contract manufacturing business where margins
and prospects pale in comparison to branded drugs. However, the product line of the spin-off will consist mostly of injectable
generics and other low-margin, low-growth drugs. In this context, contract manufacturing of sterile products could be a star
with growth potential and margins that could outshine the company's generic product line. BPI
